Financial thoughts

Roshni Sircar racked up nearly $20,000 in credit card debt after using a number of special purpose cheques that came with her credit card.

The 75-year-old had never used her American Express card before. But when faced with a family emergency, she began using the special offers to help her grandchildren.

She didn’t know the introductory 2 per cent interest rate was just that – a short-term "teaser" rate. "We were really in a tight spot and we used the money," Sircar said.

As her interest rate began to rise, she missed some payments. Her rate eventually jumped to 25.99 per cent. At that point, Sircar realized she couldn’t pay off her bill.

After writing to the head of Amex Canada, Finance Minister Jim Flaherty and the Star, her rate was lowered to a more manageable level. But she still feels "entrapped" by the special offer.

Banks and credit card companies often argue the popularity of credit cards represents a "democratization of credit." Yet, some experts suggest the current system is fundamentally rigged against the consumer and the merchant.

"In consumer contracts highly sophisticated corporations will often exploit consumers’ behavioural biases," Oren Bar-Gill of Harvard Law School wrote in a paper entitled Seduction by Plastic. "Competition cannot cure such exploitation. On the contrary, competitive forces compel sellers to take advantage of consumers’ weaknesses."

The federal government is facing increased pressure to regulate Canada’s credit card market and has taken steps to respond to consumers’ and retailers’ complaints. Within days, the Competition Bureau is expected to rule on two key issues that could fundamentally alter the payments-industry landscape.

The first deals with a request from the Interac Association, Canada’s non-profit debit network operator, to become a for-profit company better able to compete with Visa and MasterCard as those two multinational giants enter Canada’s $168-billion a year debit market.

The second has to do with allegations that Visa and MasterCard have abused their market dominance in the credit card market, where they hold 94 per cent of market share.

And by Jan. 18, industry members are to issue comments on Flaherty’s proposed voluntary code of conduct for the credit and debit sector. The code contains provisions that would help retailers, especially smaller ones, gain some clarity and clout in dealing with their payment processing fees.

Earlier this year, Flaherty announced new regulations aimed at protecting consumers from some of the problems that may have contributed to Sircar’s situation.

Among other things, these new rules require a "summary box" on all credit-card contracts and applications clearly outlining information about interest rates, minimum payments, annual fees and other applicable costs, including penalty charges for bounced cheques.

But while initiatives like these are helpful, experts say more could be done to help low-income Canadians. They cite innovative new card products that give consumers the power to set their own spending limits, or require Ottawa to be the guarantor on the kind of secured card offered to people consider poor credit risks.

The Canadian Bankers Association says "income is not a factor on who pays off their credit cards" in Canada.

But research by the Bank of Canada this year shows the bottom 20 per cent of earners carry a larger share of credit card debt in percentage terms than other income groups. Additionally, the lowest-income earners have the largest share of "unsecured" debt, which includes credit cards.

Canada’s banks say a multitude of cheaper options, such as low-rate credit cards and personal lines of credit, are available to those consumers who carry a balance.

Nancy Hughes Anthony, president and chief executive of the Canadian Bankers Association, estimates more than 60 low-interest-rate credit cards are available in Canada. The Financial Consumer Agency of Canada, however, recently told the Senate banking committee that some low-interest credit cards have disappeared.

And critics say low-income Canadians are often denied access to those low-rate cards because they lack sufficient assets. "They don’t have low-cost options at all," said Armine Yalnizyan, senior economist with the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives payday loans.

Banks do not release data about the number of low-rate cards they issue compared with the number of applications they receive, and the bankers association has no statistics on the number of Canadians with low-rate cards.

When asked about consumer eligibility earlier this year, Hughes Anthony said acceptance is "determined on a case-by-case basis."

Other alternatives, such as secured credit cards or prepaid credit cards, disadvantage consumers with unfavourable terms or high service charges, experts say.

"For low-income consumers who don’t have access to a conventional credit card, the costs go up much higher," said Michael De Santis, a researcher at the Public Interest Advocacy Centre.

Low-income consumers, those with spotty credit scores and new immigrants are often encouraged to get secured credit cards to build or repair their credit histories.

But many consumers lack sufficient funds to pay the required lump sum. That upfront cost is usually equivalent to or higher than the card’s credit limit. The bank collects that money as security but the funds do not earn the customer any interest, even if the sum remains tied up for years.

In addition, prepaid cards are more costly to use than regular credit cards. Not only must users load their own money on the card, but they are also on the hook for "significant fees," De Santis said.

Those can include upfront fees for the card to be issued, monthly maintenance fees, invoice charges, customer service fees, transaction fees, ATM fees, reloading fees and even cancellation fees.

"It is very expensive to have one of these prepaid cards in your pocket and they don’t offer any advantages over a conventional card other than the fact that they are more available to people who might not otherwise qualify," De Santis said, adding the product does not help build a credit history. "The less fortunate classes actually end up having to pay the greater amount than the more fortunate ones, which I think is a terrible irony."

The advocacy centre is urging the federal government to collaborate with the banking industry on creating a new financial product that could help low-income Canadians, new immigrants and aboriginals build financial credibility and make payments in an increasingly "digital marketplace."

It argues that eligibility "could be proportional to income level, so as to avoid a lower income becoming a barrier to build a level of creditworthiness."

That may involve a new type of secured card, where the federal government provides some security to the lender so the entire burden does not fall on cash-strapped consumers, De Santis said.

Others champion the idea of "self-directed" credit cards. Angela Littwin, an assistant professor at Harvard Law School, says such cards would allow consumers to cap their credit limits and even block the card’s acceptance at certain stores.

Merchants are also lobbying for change. Retailers want Ottawa to quickly set new ground rules for the debit market as Visa and MasterCard prepare to take on the non-profit Interac Association, whose low-cost flat fee model is the envy of the world.

Flaherty’s proposed voluntary code of conduct won praise from merchants when it was announced Nov. 18. But retailers and small businesses fear credit card firms will be pushing Ottawa during the current 60-day consultation period to water down certain key provisions.

One proposal, designed to give merchants more power in dealing with Visa and MasterCard debit, is at greatest risk, the retailers fear.

During the period when Visa and MasterCard are building their debit networks, the credit card companies plan to issue co-badged cards that also run on the more ubiquitous Interac system.

MasterCard says its new debit product will automatically run on its Maestro network, wherever it is present. Visa says it’s giving consumers the choice but merchants says Visa’s network will show up first on the PIN pad and then Interac.

Source

South Korea’s economy expanded at a faster pace than initially estimated in the third quarter, boosted by rising overseas orders for cars and semiconductors plus local spending by consumers and companies.

Gross domestic product increased 3.2 percent in the three months ended Sept. 30, compared with the 2.9 percent gain reported in October, the central bank said in Seoul today. The economy grew 0.9 percent in the third quarter from a year earlier, compared with the previous estimate of 0.6 percent.

“South Korea’s economy has benefited from relatively better exports as well as the effects of expansionary policies,” said Ryu Seung Sun, an economist at HMC Investment Securities Co. in Seoul. “Economic growth will remain relatively strong, even though the pace may weaken somewhat in coming quarters.”

South Korea has led a regional rebound with China and Singapore as companies including Samsung Electronics Co. and LG Electronics Inc. reported a jump in profits. The nation is projected to be one of the first in Asia to boost interest rates as it helps lead the region out of a slowdown caused by the global financial crisis.

LG Electronics Inc., the world’s second-largest maker of liquid-crystal-display televisions, reported third-quarter profit that beat analysts’ estimates, driven by record shipments of televisions and higher sales of appliances.

Government Spending

The central bank and the government have raised their economic forecasts for this year. Finance Minister Yoon Jeung Hyun said the economy will probably post zero growth, reversing an earlier forecast for a contraction, and President Lee Myung Bak said last month GDP may expand 5 percent in 2010.

To help prevent the economy from sliding into a recession, the central bank cut the benchmark interest rate by 3.25 percentage points between October and February to a record-low 2 percent and the government increased spending payday loans for bad credit. The benchmark Kospi stock index has risen 44 percent this year and sales at the nation’s main department stores gained the most in 14 months in October.

Exports, which account for about half of the $929 billion economy, rose for the first time in 13 months in November, a government report showed Dec. 1. Overseas shipments will increase 13 percent to $410 billion next year, boosted by demand for semiconductors, cars and display panels, the government said.

South Korea’s exports of goods gained 5.2 percent in the third quarter from the previous three months, compared with the initial 5.1 percent gain estimated in October, today’s report showed. Corporate investment in factories and equipment climbed 10.4 percent in the quarter, up from the 8.9 percent initial estimate.

Private Consumption

Private consumption rose 1.5 from the second quarter, up from the 1.4 percent earlier estimated. Manufacturing rose 9.8 percent from the second quarter compared with the initial estimate of 8.7 percent, while construction investment dropped 2 percent.

Still, there are signs economic growth may slow in coming months. Manufacturers’ confidence has slipped to the lowest level in four months due to uncertainty about the outlook for domestic demand. Consumer confidence also fell in November for the first time in eight months and factory production unexpectedly declined 3.8 percent in October from September.

South Korea’s corporate earnings may fall short of analyst estimates in 2010 as costs climb and the benefits from stimulus measures fade, according to Samsung Securities Co., the nation’s top-ranked brokerage.

Source

WaterStone Bank said it has agreed to a consent order with federal and state banking regulators to maintain minimum capital ratios that are higher than regulators typically require as a safeguard to cover the bank’s problem real estate loans.

Wauwatosa-based WaterStone (NASDAQ: WSBF) said Friday that on Wednesday it agreed to the consent order with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions. WaterStone said it also signed a stipulation and consent to a cease-and-desist order for its holding company, WaterStone Financial Inc., with the federal Office of Thrift Supervision.

WaterStone said the orders formalize a prior informal agreement the bank, its holding company and the FDIC entered in 2008. The bank and regulators have been working for the past two years to minimize the effects that the economic recession is having on the bank and its borrowers, WaterStone said.

The orders require, among other things, that the bank maintain minimum Tier 1 capital of 8 easy payday loans.5 percent of total average assets and minimum total risk-based capital of 12 percent of risk-weighted assets.

As of Sept. 30, WaterStone exceeded those levels with a Tier 1 capital ratio of 12.64 percent compared with 10.76 percent a year earlier, and a total risk-based capital ratio of 13.86 percent, compared with 12.01 percent a year ago.

Through the first nine months of 2009, WaterStone recorded a net loss of $6.24 million compared with a net loss of $27.3 million for the same period of 2008. The bank’s level of noncurrent loans to total loans increased to 6.24 percent as of Sept. 30 compared with 5.78 percent a year earlier.

WaterStone stock was down 1 cent, to $1.86, on Friday.

Source

WASHINGTON–Ford, Subaru and Volkswagen lead the insurance industry’s annual list of the safest new vehicles, according to a closely watched assessment used by car companies to lure safety-conscious consumers to showrooms.

The Virginia-based Insurance Institute for Highway Safety awarded its "top safety pick" on Wednesday to 19 passenger cars and eight sport utility vehicles for the 2010 model year. The institute substantially reduced the number of awards compared with 2009, because of tougher requirements for roof strength.

Ford Motor Co. and its Volvo unit received the most awards with six, followed by five awards apiece for Japanese automaker Subaru and German automaker Volkswagen AG and its Audi unit.

Chrysler Group LLC received four awards followed by two each for Honda Motor Co. and General Motors Co.

Toyota Motor Corp., BMW AG, Mazda Motor Corp. and Mitsubishi Motors Corp. were shut out in the annual IIHS review.

Ford’s recipients include the Ford Taurus and Lincoln MKS passenger cars and the Volvo S80 and C30 passenger cars and the XC60 and XC90 SUVs.

Ford said in a statement it is "committed to providing customers with safe vehicles for a broad range of real-world crash conditions.”

Subaru recorded winners with the Subaru Legacy, Outback and Impreza cars and Tribeca and Forester SUVs. Subaru was the only automaker with an IIHS winner in all four vehicle classes in which it competes.

The automaker, which has bucked the brutal U.S. sales market with a 13 per cent increase during the first 10 months of 2009, attributed its safety success to a unique engine design that sits low in the vehicle chassis and moves down and under occupants in a frontal collision.

Tom Doll, executive vice president and COO of Subaru of America, said the awards were a "tribute to the engineering that goes into Subaru products.”

Volkswagen scored with the 4-door versions of the Jetta, Passat and Golf, the Audi A3 and the Volkswagen Tiguan, a small SUV. Mark Barnes, Volkswagen of America’s chief operating officer, said the "safety of our cars is of the utmost concern, from the initial design stages all the way through the maintenance procedures at dealerships.”

Chrysler won the award for the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Avenger sedans equipped with optional electronic stability control, the Dodge Journey midsize SUV and the Jeep Patriot with optional side thorax air bags loan until payday.

Scott Kunselman, Chrysler’s senior vice president-engineering, said the awards underscore the Auburn Hills, Mich., automaker’s “engineering capability and leadership in occupant protection.”

General Motors Co. and Honda Motor Co. both received two awards. GM was recognized for the Buick LaCrosse and the Chevrolet Malibu while Honda won for 4-door versions of the Civic with optional electronic stability control and the Honda Element.

Other winners included the Nissan Cube, the Kia Soul and the Mercedes C Class.

The vehicles are selected for best protecting motorists in front, side and rear crash tests based on Institute evaluations during the year. The vehicles are required to have electronic stability control, or ESC, to qualify for the award. Earlier this year, the Institute said vehicles would need to receive its highest score in its roof strength evaluation to qualify the safety pick designation.

"With the addition of our roof strength evaluation, our crash test results now cover all four of the most common kinds of crashes," said Institute president Adrian Lund. "Consumers can use this list to zero in on the vehicles that are on the top rung for safety.”

The Institute awarded its top prize to 94 vehicles in 2009 and attributed the decline in awards this year to the roof strength requirement. The Honda Accord and the Ford Fusion both dropped off the list because 2010 versions didn’t earn high enough scores on the roof test.

The Toyota Camry would have made the list, the Institute said, if it had received the highest rating in rear crash protection. The Institute said the Camry’s seats and head restraints were rated marginal for protection against whiplash injuries.

–––

On the Net:

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety: http://www.iihs.org

Source

The World Series may not be over, but many fans of the defending Philadelphia Phillies are apparently giving up, leading to a plunge in the asking price for tickets being sold through ticket reselling Web sites.

Ticket search engine FanSnap reported Monday that the average price of tickets listed for sale for Game 5 in Philadelphia has fallen about 39% since Sunday night. FanSnap said there have been 2,000 tickets put up for sale during that time, swelling the supply of tickets for sale to almost 6,000.

Christian Anderson, spokesman for FanSnap, said that ticket prices for playoff games this postseason have typically edged higher as game time approaches unless there was bad weather. That’s not the case for what could be the last game of the World Series on Monday.

The price for Game 5 tickets are down an average of 60% since Friday morning. The Phillies lost games 3 and 4 to the New York Yankees on Saturday and Sunday.

Yankees fan Nathan Thompson, a physician from Manhattan, said he bought two tickets for Monday’s game at a price of $220 each early Monday. He said asking prices for the same seats in the rooftop bleacher section had been as high as $800 last week and that prices changed throughout Sunday’s game, depending on the score.

"When the Yankees went ahead, the price went down; when they Phillies tied it up, all of a sudden, the prices went back up," he said. "When we woke up this morning the prices were about half of where they were last night."

Ticket reselling site StubHub, a unit of online auction site eBay (EBAY, Fortune 500), reported similar trends. It said that the average price of a Game 5 ticket purchased on the site fell to $373 during the day Monday. That’s down 31% from the purchase price from as recently as Sunday.

Even with Cliff Lee, the Phillies’ best pitcher and winner of Game 1 of the Word Series, set to pitch Monday night, apparently many Phillies fans with tickets don’t want to risk watching the Yankees celebrate a championship at Citizens Bank Park.

The Phillies are now down three games to one in the best-of-seven series, putting the Yankees on the cusp of its first championship since 2000. 

Source

A former top executive at hedge fund firm ValueAct Capital is one of seven people charged with trading on inside information in Acxiom Corp.

Ronald Yee, who had been the San Francisco-based hedge fund firm’s chief financial officer until June 2008, was named in a civil suit filed by the Securities and Exchange Commission on Friday.

The SEC did not identify Yee’s former employer.

ValueAct, a nine-year-old firm that invests roughly $3.5 billion in undervalued securities, said it has been cooperating with the SEC since the agency began probing Yee in 2008.

The firm, which made national headlines when its co-founder Jeffrey Ubben became the chairman of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc, put Yee on administrative leave in April 2008. In June 2008 the partners accepted Yee’s request to resign.

ValueAct said it requires all employees to participate in rigorous training on how to handle non-public information and immediately told investors about the probe into Yee in 2008 and then wrote to them on Friday to detail the charges against him.

The hedge fund is not implicated in the scheme in any way and received a no-action letter from the SEC, confirming that it is not a target in the investigation, said George Hamel, ValueAct’s co-founder and chief operating officer.

Yee’s lawyer said he is innocent and will contest the charges.

The matter has drawn attention because it comes only two weeks after prosecutors charged prominent hedge fund firm Galleon Group’s founder Raj Rajaratnam with insider trading companies making payday loans.

At that time sources familiar with regulators’ insider trading probes said there would likely be more charges, but they did not give details about specific cases.

The cases are very different however. In the Galleon matter, the fund’s founder has been charged while in the Yee matter the hedge fund and its current partners have not been implicated in the scheme.

The SEC alleges that Yee, who joined ValueAct as chief financial officer in 2005, tipped off his brother-in-law, Chen Tang, who then traded on the information through personal accounts. Tang was employed at private-equity firm Friedman Fleischer & Lowe. The two men had previously founded a financial consulting firm together.

In 2007 Tang learned from Yee that ValueAct was trying to acquire Little Rock, Arkansas-based data management company Acxiom, the SEC said. Yee later found out that the deal was in jeopardy and passed the information to Tang, who then tipped his friends and family.

According to the complaint, Yee did not make any trades himself. Tang and the others used Yee’s tips to trade Acxiom’s securities and earned more than $6 million in illegal profits, the SEC said.

“Mr. Yee denies the charges against him and intends to vigorously contest them,” said Yee’s lawyer, Michael Celio, a partner at Keker & Van Nest in San Francisco. 

Read more

Most Federal Reserve policymakers believe that an economic recovery has started, although they view the turnaround as weak enough that some want the central bank to take additional steps to stimulate the economy, according to minutes of a meeting last month that were released Wednesday.

The minutes of the two-day meeting, concluded Sept. 23, were the most explicit statement yet that the Federal Open Market Committee now believes the recession that started in December 2007 is over. The committee comprises the group of Fed governors and district bank presidents who set interest rates and take other steps to spur or slow economic growth.

"Most thought an economic recovery was under way," the minutes stated. "Many participants noted that since August, they had revised up their projections for the second half of 2009 and for subsequent years."

Up to now, the Fed’s statements have been more circumspect. Its statement , released at the end of the meeting, said simply that economic readings suggest "that economic activity has picked up following its severe downturn."

This is the first time that Fed minutes explicitly said that most members believe the recession is over. However, in response to a question in an appearance at the Brookings Institution last month, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke did say that the recession is "very likely over."

The decision on when a recession begins and ends is not up to the Federal Reserve, but instead the National Bureau of Economic Research. That group doesn’t make any sort of declaration until months after the fact, in order to take into account final readings of various economic measures such as employment, income and industrial production.

For example, the NBER didn’t declare that the recent recession had begun in December 2007 until a full year after the fact.

There is a growing consensus among outside economists that the recession is over. A survey of top forecasters by the National Association for Business Economics earlier this month found 81% believe the economy is in recovery.

Still, there was debate at the Fed’s September meeting about what to do next. There was broad agreement that the fed funds rate, the key rate used to pump money into the economy, should be kept near 0%, and that the statement should say "economic conditions are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for an extended period."

But some members wanted to increase the amount of mortgages the Fed will buy from the $1.25 trillion level that had been previously announced. The Fed is buying up those mortgages in an effort to keep mortgage rates low.

At least one member wanted to instead cut the amount of mortgages purchased before reaching that level.

The members agreed that the job market is likely to stay weak for the foreseeable future — and that is likely to keep wages from rising.

But there was a "a range of views" among members about how soon inflation would reappear as a result of trillions that the Fed has pumped into the economy in the last year.

Bernard Baumohl, executive director of the Economic Outlook Group, said he thinks there is a "vigorous debate" going on right now within the Fed as to when it should take steps to pull out the money it has pumped into the economy.

"If we’re getting signs that the recession is over and recovery is gathering steam, the Fed is going to have to move very quickly to begin to withdrawal the stimulus, or else it will sow the seeds for inflation," he said.

Even with the debate about purchases of mortgages and the threat of inflation, there appears to be general agreement that the recovery is likely to be modest.

"Despite…positive factors, many participants noted that the economic recovery was likely to be quite restrained," according to the minutes. 

Source

Stocks rallied Thursday, with the major indexes flirting with 2009 highs, after Dow component Alcoa posted better-than-expected earnings and a report showed an unexpected drop in jobless claims.

The Dow Jones industrial average (INDU) rose 61 points, or 0.6%. The S&P 500 (SPX) index gained 8 points, or 0.8%, and the Nasdaq composite (COMP) climbed 14 points, or 0.6%.

Stocks ended mixed Wednesday as the previous two-day rally lost steam. Dow component Alcoa (AA, Fortune 500)’s after-the-bell announcement helped revive investors Thursday, starting off the financial reporting period on a positive note.

Stocks steadily moved higher as the session wore on, with the Dow briefly posting triple-digit gains, as 21 of 30 components rose.

"I think the market is clearly moving on expectations of better-than-expected earnings," said Tom Hepner, financial adviser at Ruggie Wealth Management. "But I’m just not sure we’re going to see that. There are still plenty of reasons to think that the market has gotten ahead of the recovery."

A weak dollar, along with rising oil and gold prices, gave a lift to dollar-sensitive multi-nationals such as Dow components 3M (MMM, Fortune 500), GE (GE, Fortune 500) and Johnson & Johnson (JNJ, Fortune 500). The oil rise lifted Chevron (CVX, Fortune 500), Exxon Mobil (XOM, Fortune 500) and other commodity names.

Gold closed at a record $1,056.30 an ounce and hit an electronic trading high of $1,062.70 during the day Thursday.

Market breadth was positive. On the New York Stock Exchange, winners beat losers by nearly three to one on volume of 1.28 billion shares. On the Nasdaq, advancers topped decliners five to four on volume of 2.42 billion shares.

Results: Third-quarter S&P 500 earnings as a whole are expected to decline more than 20% from a year ago, with materials, energy and industrials leading the decline. That means S&P 500 earnings will have slumped for nine straight quarters, the longest streak since earnings tracker Thomson began calculating the numbers.

But separate from the big picture, Wall Streeters are looking to see if individual companies are starting to see any earnings growth, beyond the impact of cost-cutting overnight pay day loans. In the second quarter, more than 70% of companies reported results that topped estimates, due to reducing costs. But few market-moving companies reported sales growth or revenue that topped estimates.

Cost-cutting is expected to continue to drive results this quarter, but topline growth could be improving at least in some sectors, if Alcoa is an indication.

The aluminum maker reported quarterly earnings and revenue that dropped from a year ago, but handily beat estimates. Shares rallied in extended-hours trading and also gained 2% Thursday.

Economy: Around 521,000 Americans filed new claims for unemployment last week versus forecasts for 540,000, the Labor Department reported. The number was the lowest in more than 9 months. Around 554,000 Americans filed unemployment claims in the previous week.

Continuing claims, a measure of those who have been receiving benefits for a week or more, fell to 6.040 million from 6.112 million the previous week.

The Commerce Department said wholesale inventories fell 1.3% in August versus forecasts for a drop of 1%. Inventories fell 1.6% in the previous month.

World markets: Global markets rallied. In Europe, London’s FTSE 100 gained 0.9%, while France’s CAC 40 and Germany’s DAX both gained 1.3%. Asian markets ended higher.

Currency and commodities: The dollar fell versus the euro and yen, extending its recent slide against a basket of currencies.

U.S. light crude oil for November delivery rose $2.12 to settle at $71.69 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

COMEX gold for December delivery rose $11.90 to settle at a record $1,056.30 an ounce, the third straight record high for the precious metal.

Bonds: Treasury prices tumbled, raising the yield on the 10-year note to 3.24% from 3.18% late Wednesday. Treasury prices and yields move in opposite directions.  

Source

One steady bit of good economic news: Inflation remains near zero. So who would want to pay extra these days to add a dose of inflation protection in their portfolio?

Plenty of people. It turns out sales are hot for Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, a common hedge against rising prices known by their acronym TIPS.

New money from investors and market gains have boosted total assets in mutual funds investing in TIPS nearly 36 percent so far this year, according to Morningstar Inc.

It’s part of a broader shift by many investors who have been scared away by stocks, despite the market’s hefty rebound from its March low. They’ve been piling into the greater safety of bonds, and TIPS — while not without risk — are about as safe as you can get.
The value of the underlying investment in TIPS rises with inflation, providing an additional layer of protection beyond what Treasury bonds offer.

Hardly anyone expects inflation to re-emerge as a big threat anytime soon, so TIPS aren’t necessarily the best short-term investment. But historically low interest rates and the federal government’s growing deficit are expected to drive prices higher, especially once the economy truly gets back on its feet and spending rebounds.

Here are some common questions and answers about TIPS:

How do TIPS work?

Introduced by the government in 1997, TIPS are a type of Treasury bond — investments that are super-safe, provided you believe the government will continue to make good on its credit obligations.

TIPS adjust their yield based on changes in the Consumer Price Index. The principal in TIPS adjusts every six months. The so-called "coupon" rises when inflation grows, and decreases in the less-likely instance of deflation. When the bond matures, you’re paid the adjusted principal or the original principal, whichever is greater. TIPS are sold in maturities of five, 10 and 20 years.

Investors in "nominal" Treasury bonds get a fixed rate of return if they hold the bonds until they mature. For example, 10-year Treasury notes are now yielding about 3.32 percent per year.

On the other hand, 10-year TIPS are yielding 1.55 percent, which doesn’t seem so good, until you consider what havoc inflation might wreak online payday loans. The difference — or "break-even rate" — between those two numbers is 1.77 percentage points. That suggests investors are expecting inflation will average 1.77 percent per year over the next 10 years. So if inflation exceeds that amount and erodes Treasuries’ current 3.32 percent yield, TIPS investors will be glad they paid for the protection.

Inflation had historically averaged 2 to 3 percent until falling to near zero when the market tanked last fall and deflation fears set in.

How have TIPS’ values held up lately?

Inflation and interest rate expectations are constantly changing, which is reflected in the prices traders are willing to pay for TIPS. Lately, TIPS have generally been seen as a good deal. Mutual funds investing in TIPS have returned an average of 8.63 percent so far this year, according to Morningstar. That puts TIPS in the middle of the performance pack among fixed-income fund categories.

How can I buy TIPS?

TIPS are available for purchase from the Treasury at http://www.treasurydirect.gov to avoid brokerage fees. If you’re not sure you can keep the bond until maturity and are nervous about managing your investment over time, you can buy into a mutual fund that focuses on TIPS, or an exchange-traded fund. Like TIPS mutual funds, TIPS ETFs hold baskets of TIPS with varying maturities but can be traded like a stock.

TIPS appear to carry little risk. Is that the case?

Any bond is subject to risk from rising interest rates, and TIPS are no exception. If the Fed boosts interest rates faster than inflation grows, or before inflation sets in, TIPS’ values will erode.

They also can be hit in a falling market, as happened last fall. Many institutional investors had to come up with cash to meet clients’ orders to pull out their money, forcing them to sell their most liquid investments. TIPS often fit the bill, and massive TIPs sales reduced prices. But as seen this year, they’ve bounced back.

Source

The first two funds involved in the government’s plan to purchase toxic assets have raised about $1.13 billion, the U.S. Treasury Department said Wednesday.

Invesco Ltd. and Trust Company of the West, or TCW, are the first of the so-called Public-Private Investment Funds to raise the necessary capital to launch the program.

Treasury said it expects the seven other funds will complete their initial closings throughout October.

The launch of the program comes nearly a year after the U.S. Congress authorized a $700 billion fund to cleanse banks’ balance sheets of toxic assets. Officials shifted away from that idea and switched its focus to directly injecting capital in the banks.

The Public-Private Investment Program, or PPIP, has been dramatically scaled back as banks have proven that they can raise capital in the private markets without first unloading troubled assets, many of them tied to bad mortgages. 

Source