Financial thoughts

The crash of a new, Russian-made jetliner into a jagged, Indonesian volcano during a flight to impress potential buyers threw doubt on dozens of plane sales Thursday just as Moscow seeks a comeback in foreign markets. All 45 people aboard were feared dead.

Search and rescue teams trudged and climbed through the mist-shrouded, jungly terrain for nearly 20 hours to reach the site where the plane roared in at nearly 480 mph (800 kph) on Wednesday, blowing apart and raining debris down a nearly vertical slope.

When the weather clears, all recovered bodies will have to be hoisted by nets and ropes onto hovering choppers, said Gagah Prakoso, a spokesman for the national search and rescue agency.

“We’re still searching for survivors,” he said. “But it doesn’t look good.”

The Sukhoi Superjet-100 _ Russia’s first new model of passenger jet since the fall of the Soviet Union two decades ago _ was supposed to kick-start the nation’s efforts to modernize its fleet and resurrect its neglected aerospace industry.

Indonesia, the fourth stop of a six-nation “Welcome Asia!” tour, was one of Sukhoi’s brightest hopes, accounting for a big chunk of the 170 orders taken globally so far.

Kartika Airlines, Sky Aviation and Queen Air _ among dozens of airlines to have popped up in the nation of 240 million to meet the growing demand for cheap air travel in the last decade _ together were aiming to buy 48.

“Our plan is to order 30 planes, gradually until 2014, to strengthen our fleet,” said Arifin Seman, one of the top executives at Kartika. “But we will wait for the result of the investigation before making any further decisions.”

Others, too, were being cautious.

“It’s too early to say,” said Krisman Tarigan, president director of Sky, which has placed orders for 12. “But we wouldn’t rule out cancellation … if it turned out the crash occurred because the plane was not airworthy.”

The ill-fated Superjet was carrying dozens of representatives from local airlines and journalists on what was supposed to be a quick, 50-minute demonstration flight Wednesday. Some excited passengers snapped pictures of themselves smiling and waving in front of the twin-engine jet before lifting off, then quickly posting them as profile pictures on Facebook and Twitter.

Just 21 minutes after takeoff from a Jakarta airfield, however, the Russian pilot and co-pilot asked for permission to drop from 10,000 feet to 6,000 feet (3,000 meters to 1,800 meters), said Daryatmo, chief of the national search and rescue agency free business cards.

They gave no explanation, disappearing from the radar immediately afterward.

It was not clear why the crew asked to shift course, especially since they were so close to the 7,000-foot (2,200-meter) volcano, or whether they got an OK, Daryatmo said.

Communication tapes will be reviewed as part of the investigation. It’s unlikely they will be released to the public any time soon.

The plane, with a relatively low price tag of around $35 million, seats from 70 to 98 people and has an operating range of around 2,800 miles (4,500 kilometers).

It is seen as a potential challenger to similar-sized aircraft from Canada’s Bombardier Inc. and Brazil’s Embraer SA.

Future buyers will scrutinize the crash investigation for signs of flaws in the aircraft, said Tom Ballantyne, a Sydney-based aviation expert.

“If it’s a technical fault … then obviously that will be very serious for them,” he said. “But if it’s pilot error or the fault of air traffic control, it won’t be quite so bad because they’ll be able to say, ‘Well, it’s not the airplane.’”

The Superjet made its inaugural commercial flight in April last year.

Fitch Ratings agency said in a statement Thursday that it expects the crash to “negatively affect” Sukhoi orders for the short term.

“The accident represents a further setback to the ambitious Russian civilian aerospace industry,” it said, adding that the success of the Superjet “is especially important as it is the first of many new commercial aircraft to be launched.”

“Instead, it has suffered from a three-year development delay, poor initial market reception and minor operational difficulties” since its entry into commercial service, the agency said.

All but 10 of the 45 people on board the plane Wednesday were potential buyers and journalists, said Sunaryo from PT Trimarga Rekatama, the company that helped organize the event.

The others were Russians, all from Sukhoi companies, an American consultant with a local airline and a Frenchman with aircraft engine-maker Snecma.

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Germany and the European Commission on Tuesday called on EU nations to stick to their agreed budget cuts despite mounting voter discontent, but promised some new efforts to boost growth to alleviate economic hardship.

In elections on Sunday, voters in France and Greece gave strong support to parties who want to roll back or slow down the spending cuts and tax increases that have defined Europe’s response to its debt crisis.

That added to cries from labor unions and some governments for more measures to boost economic growth to offset the devastating impact on jobs that austerity measures are having.

Officials in Berlin and Brussels said there was some room for more reforms to help growth, but insisted that any new growth policies must not detract from Europe’s drive to lower its deficits.

European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said there could be no fundamental change in direction.

“What member states have to do is be consistent, implementing the policies that they have agreed,” Barroso told reporters on the eve of Europe Day, which celebrates the ever closer cooperation between the nations of the Continent. “Now, the key is implementation.”

On Sunday night, however, the calls from some European capitals were different, with French socialist president-elect Francois Hollande vowing that “austerity can no longer be inevitable.”

In Greece, parties that rejected belt-tightening made big gains and there were fears that the new leadership would renege on commitments made to secure the country’s massive rescue loans. An outright rejection of the bailout could eventually see Greece leave the euro currency bloc, a possibility that was unnerving financial markets.

As the debate over austerity intensified, EU President Herman Van Rompuy called for an informal summit of the 27 EU government leaders on May 23 to discuss economic growth and to prepare for a summit in June focused on job creation short term personal loans.

Barroso discounted the notion that Europe was going to revise its fiscal policy commitments.

“It would be completely demagogical and not serious to propose to some of our member states to relax now the efforts of fiscal consolidation,” he said.

He insisted that sustained debt reduction was essential to convince markets, build confidence and cut borrowing costs. “Every euro spent on interest payments is a euro less for jobs and investment,” he said.

Germany largely backed the Commission’s stance of staying rigid on fiscal restraint while seeking concerted measures for growth.

“The end of the debt policy has been agreed in Europe. It has to stay that way,” said German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle in Berlin.

Like Barroso, he suggested that economic growth could be enhanced, but through structural reforms _ not through increased government spending.

“It’s right that we are simultaneously creating new growth impulses. That’s why we have to add to the fiscal pact for less debt a growth pact for more competitiveness.

“I’m very confident that we will be able to overcome the crisis this way with less debt and more growth. Both belong together,” he said.

The debate on the policies should come up at the May 23 summit, the first for newly elected President Hollande.

Outgoing president Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel worked closely together to set the EU course out of the financial crisis. Now, Hollande comes in with his own agenda.

He said his first act as president will be to write a letter to other European leaders calling for a renegotiation of a budget-trimming treaty aimed at bringing the continent’s economies closer together _ a stance that puts him at odds with Merkel.

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Japan

A cruise ship with 1,000 people on board that had drifted for 24 hours after being disabled by a fire was headed toward Malaysia following repairs and was expected to reach shore Sunday, the ship’s company said.

The Azamara Quest, which had embarked on a 17-day Southeast Asian cruise, was left drifting in southern Philippine waters after a fire broke out Friday night. The flames engulfed one of the ship’s engine rooms but were quickly extinguished, the ship’s operator said. Five crew members suffered smoke inhalation, including one who was seriously injured and needed hospital care.

The ship informed the Philippine coast guard late Saturday that its power and propulsion had been restored and that it was moving slowly toward Sandakan, Malaysia, its next destination after it left Manila on Thursday, spokesman Lt. Cmdr. Algier Ricafrente said.

Azamara Club Cruises, the ship’s operator, said in a statement Sunday that the ship was sailing at a top speed of only 6 knots (11 kilometers or 6.9 miles per hour) and was expected to reach Sandakan at 10 p.m. (1400 GMT).

“Unfortunately, the ship has not been able to restore power to the air conditioning compressors. While this is a very difficult undertaking, the onboard team is diligently working to resolve this issue. The guest sentiment onboard continues to be calm and upbeat,” the statement said.

It said company president Larry Pimentel would meet personally with the passengers and crew in Sandakan.

The company said the rest of the cruise would be canceled. It said it would fully refund the passengers and provide each guest with a future cruise certificate for the amount paid for the aborted voyage.

It was the latest in a series of accidents hitting luxury cruise liners since January, when the Costa Concordia capsized off the coast of Italy, killing 32 people.

The Azamara Quest is carrying 590 passengers and 411 crew members. Operator Azamara Club Cruises is part of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.

More than one third, or 201, of the passengers on board are American, and nearly a third, or 119, of the crew are Filipinos, according to lists of passenger and crew nationalities provided by the ship captain to the coast guard.

The passengers are from 25 countries and include 98 from Britain, 89 from Australia, 45 from Canada, 39 from Germany, 32 from Austria, 16 from Belgium, 14 from New Zealand and 14 from Switzerland.

The other crew members include 58 Indians and 50 Indonesians cash advance.

The vessel had left Hong Kong on Monday. The ship made a port call in Manila and left for Sandakan on Thursday. It was scheduled to make several stops in Indonesia before arriving in Singapore on April 12.

But instead, the stricken ship drifted Saturday in the Sulu Sea about 130 kilometers (70 nautical miles) south of the Philippines’ Tubbataha Reef, Ricafrente said. The area lies between the Philippines and the island of Borneo, which is divided between Malaysia and Indonesia.

A woman from Kailua-Kuna, Hawaii, who said she is one of the passengers, posted an entry on Azamara’s Facebook page after Internet service was restored on the ship, praising the crew’s handling of the situation.

“No A/C yet but everyone is fine,” she wrote. “Cannot say enough about this Captain and the crew. They have been absolutely wonderful keeping us updated constantly with the good or the bad. … Sorry that we cannot finish our cruise, but we will back ASAP.”

She said the crew worked with very little rest “to keep us all in good spirits, well fed and comfortable.”

There was a jar where passengers could place donations to help the injured crewman who was in serious condition, she said.

Ricafrente said that no distress call was received and that there would be an investigation.

A Philippine coast guard vessel approached the Azamara Quest, but the ship’s captain sent an email to the coast guard saying that it needed no assistance and that everything was “under control.”

Engineers on Saturday morning restored electricity in the ship to re-establish air conditioning, running water, plumbing, refrigeration and food preparation, the company said.

The ship’s senior physician, Oliver Gilles, said the crew member who was in serious condition had suffered “prolonged heat and smoke exposure.”

A month after 32 people died when the Costa Concordia ran aground and capsized off the western coast of Italy, a fire on the Costra Allegra left that ship without power and adrift in waters known to be prowled by pirates in the Indian Ocean for three days.

Both Costa ships are part of Costa Crociere, SpA, a subsidiary of Carnival Corp., the world’s largest cruise operator.

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Greece edged closer to fending off bankruptcy Monday, but U.S. markets were mostly underwhelmed.

Stocks struggled for direction after Greece announced it had persuaded its private investors to take deep losses on their bond holdings, which should help Greece avoid default in the short term but could also crimp the country’s ability to borrow money in the future.

The Dow Jones industrial average stayed above its previous close for most of the day, and was up 45 points to 12,967 in the early afternoon. The Standard & Poor’s 500 and the Nasdaq composite index, on the other hand, spent most of the day lower. Trading was even choppier in the early afternoon, with the S&P virtually unchanged at 1,371 and the Nasdaq down 4 points to 2,984.

“The market is going to continue to feel very schizophrenic,” said Carol Pepper, CEO of founder of Pepper International, a money management firm in New York. “Some days it’s depressed, some days it’s excited, some days it’s terrified.”

Monday’s news out of Europe appeared to only add to the fogginess of predictions on where the market is heading. Greece’s new deal with its investors should help the country avoid bankruptcy later this month by lightening its crushing debt load. But the country remains in a serious recession even as the country moves toward making spending cuts being demanded by its lenders.

Jeff Sica, president and chief investment officer of SICA Wealth Management in Morristown, N.J., said Greece is only a distraction from other deep-rooted problems throughout Europe, including brewing debt burdens in Portugal and Italy. Presidential elections in France add another layer of uncertainty because a new leader could backpedal on fiscal commitments made by President Nicolas Sarkozy.

The struggling European countries also can’t cut spending, which they’ll likely need to do to avoid bankruptcy, without angering their citizens. On Sunday, hundreds of thousands of people in Spain took to the streets in dozens of cities to protest cuts in government spending.

Greece has “become a touchstone for people to say, `Okay, things are getting better,’” Sica said. “But they had to force private investors to take losses, the European Central Bank has swelled their balance sheet, it’s going to be impossible to impose austerity on these countries. They haven’t really accomplished a single thing except buying time.”

News about the U.S. economy has also been opaque, with every sign of economic recovery met with another sign of economic slowdown. While the unemployment rate falls, some analysts raise questions about the quality of the new jobs being created, and others worry that the high price of gas will prevent people from the spending needed to fuel the economy. The average price for a gallon of gasoline jumped nearly a nickel over the weekend, to $3.80. China, the superpower that has pushed the world economy forward even as other countries flagged since 2008, announced that its growth slowed at the end of last year.

The knee-jerk nature of the market has been on display in the past two weeks. The Dow powered higher on positive news headlines when it closed over 13,000 on Feb. 28, a milestone it hadn’t reached since May 2008. But it’s failed to close above that line again. On one day last week, it plummeted more than 200 points over concerns about Greece, more than double its second-biggest loss so far this year.

“Everybody is stepping back and assessing whether the ride is over,” Sica said. “It’s almost as if investors get to a point where they scratch their head and say, `Does the market deserve to be here?’”

The 10 industry groups in the S&P 500 also failed to provide a clear direction, evenly split between gainers and losers in the afternoon. Utilities, which tend to attract nervous investors because of their relatively stability and generous dividends, rose the most. Markets in Europe were also divided. Germany did better than others, rising 0.3 percent. Greece fell 2.5 percent.

Companies making big moves included:

_ Defibrillator maker Zoll Medical Corp. jumped 24 percent to $92.76 after its board agreed to a buyout offer of $93 per share from Japan’s Asahi Kasei Corp.

_ Mattress maker Sealy Corp. climbed 6 percent after its second-largest shareholder, an investment firm called H Partners Management, asked the company to shuffle its board and blamed the company’s problems on the largest shareholder, private equity firm KKR & Co.

_Harley-Davidson Inc. climbed 2.5 percent after Citigroup analyst Greg Badishkanian raised his price target on the stock $4 to $50, saying he expects higher sales in the first quarter.

_Luxury retailer Michael Kors fell 4 percent to $47.75. The company, purveyor of $950 high heels, announced late Friday that some of its major shareholders would be selling their shares earlier than expected.

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At long last, the Holy Grail of Internet IPOs is here. Facebook filed Wednesday to raise $5 billion in an initial public offering.

In 2011, Facebook earned $1 billion on sales of $3.7 billion. As of December 31, Facebook had 845 million monthly active users.

The company crossed the line into profitability in 2009, five years after it launched in founder Mark Zuckerberg’s Harvard dorm room. Facebook earned $229 million that year on sales of $777 million, and has remained profitable ever since.

It’s not yet known on which stock exchange Facebook will trade, though it said it plans to use the ticker symbol "FB."

Facebook will likely re-file its paperwork several times over the coming months. Those updates will add more details and could even restate some of the financial information detailed in Wednesday’s filing.

In this initial paperwork, companies don’t declare how many shares they’re going to sell, or how much those shares will cost. Those details will be added in an updated filing shortly before trading begins.

Without that share price information, Facebook’s valuation is still speculative.

Facebook has its own guesses, though. The company said it conducted its own valuation of its stock at the end of each quarter, and as of December 31 determined it to be worth $29.73 a share.

Zuckerberg’s letter to investors: ‘Hacker Way’

Revenue breakdown: Advertising accounted for 85% of Facebook’s 2011 revenue, or almost $3.2 billion.

Facebook’s other revenue stream is its payment system for purchases within apps and games: Facebook Credits. Facebook keeps 30% of the revenue from those payments, and passes the remaining 70% on to the app developer.

Those fees brought in $557 million for Facebook last year.

Revenue from Zynga, which makes FarmVille and other games played on Facebook, represented 12% of Facebook’s total revenue in 2011.

About 44% of Facebook’s revenue came from overseas last year, compared with 38% in 2010 and 33% in 2009.

As of December 31, Facebook had $3.9 billion in cash and liquid assets.

Exec compensation: Another choice tidbit: In 2011, Facebook CEO Zuckerberg raked in a $500,000 base salary. But he requested — and will receive — only $1 per year in salary starting January 1, 2013.

Don’t feel too bad for Zuck, who remains the largest shareholder in the company he created. His total compensation in 2011 came to $1.48 million, according to Facebook’s calculations.

He was one of the lowest-paid among Facebook’s executive ranks. Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg topped the list with a total package Facebook estimated at $30.9 million, almost all of it in stock.

Engineering VP Mike Schroepfer made an estimated $24.7 million — again, mostly in stock — while CFO David Ebersman collected an $18.7 million pay package. (For more on Ebersman, see Fortune’s profile: "The man behind the Facebook IPO.")

As far as the regular rank-and-file at Facebook, the company had 3,200 full-time employees as of December 31. That was a 50% increase from the previous year, and Facebook said it "expect[s] this growth to continue for the foreseeable future."

Facebook also noted that it has bought out some small companies mainly to acquire employees, and said that it intends to continue that strategy.

How much Facebook is worth: Trading won’t begin for several months, as Facebook now has to field questions from regulators and court investors for its stock sale.

Most analysts estimate Facebook’s valuation will fall somewhere between $85 billion to $100 billion. But the value of Web companies can be extremely volatile.

A recent example: Zynga (). The FarmVille maker’s IPO filing reported that it valued its shares in August 2011 at $17.20 each, which gave the company a valuation of $14 billion. But when Zynga went public in December, shares sold for just $10 — valuing the company at $7 billion.

Several other Internet companies made their public debuts in 2011, but the end of the year proved to be a turbulent time for the sector. Shares of Groupon (), Pandora (), Zillow (), LinkedIn () and Angie’s List () all suffered steep double-digit losses for November, though most clawed back at least a bit in December or January. 

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Valley Beef LLC, a franchisee of five St. Louis area Lion’s Choice restaurants, has filed for bankruptcy.

Clayton-based Valley Beef, led by Thomas Ginos, filed the Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition Thursday in St. Louis federal court and listed between $500,000 and $1 million in liabilities and assets of $50,000 or less. Its largest creditors holding unsecured claims are US Foods, which is owed $117,850, and Pulaski Bank, which has claims totaling $195,205.

Valley Beef’s Lion’s Choice locations in Chesterfield, St. Louis, Fenton, Wentzville and on Mid Rivers Mall Drive in St. Peters have 84 employees. Valley Beef shuttered a Lion’s Choice in downtown St. Louis in 2009.

Ginos became a franchisee of the restaurant chain that specializes in roast beef sandwiches in 2001. He plans to keep the five remaining restaurants open during the bankruptcy reorganization, according to his attorney, Robert Eggmann of Clayton-based law firm Desai Eggmann Mason. Eggmann said his client filed the bankruptcy to restructure debt and expects to emerge from bankruptcy within six months.

Lion’s Choice was founded in Ballwin in 1967 as Brittany Beef and has 15 company-owned restaurants in the St. Louis area that are not included in the bankruptcy. Jim Tobias, president of Lion’s Choice Restaurant Corp., said he did not expect the bankruptcy filing to interrupt operations at the five St. Louis area franchise restaurants. “We don’t expect any change in business,” Tobias said.

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For the St. Louis economy, this year looked a lot like the previous 20 or 30, and it’s a rut we really need to get out of.

Job growth lagged the nation. Well-known local companies succumbed to takeovers, without enough new businesses to take their place. Officials argued about strategy while failing to address the region’s deep-seated problems.

Denny Coleman, the president of the St. Louis County Economic Council, has been sounding the alarm about these issues recently, ever since the council commissioned a report on the region’s economic strategy.

One headline from the report, written by consulting firm AECOM, is that within two decades, because of slow population growth, we’ll no longer be one of the 20 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. We’re currently No. 18.

That top-20 ranking automatically confers big-city status. National retail chains want to have a presence in the top 20 markets; advertisers target their messages there. Cities in the next tier are important, but they have to fight harder for attention.

Coleman believes AECOM’s warning should be a wake-up call.

“We have been living off the wealth creation from select legacy companies here for some time,” he said. “While we’ve created some new, significant wealth, the competition in other metro areas is outpacing us.”

Want to talk legacy companies? Savvis, Smurfit Stone Container, LaBarge and Rehabcare were all acquired this year. St. Louis ranks poorly on indicators of the entrepreneurial activity that can replace them with new firms.

Or should we talk jobs? Metro St. Louis officially added 7,800 jobs between October 2010 and October 2011, an increase of 0.6 percent. Howard Wall, an economist at Lindenwood University, thinks that number will be revised to show a loss of 3,900 jobs make quick cash.

Either way, St. Louis is a laggard. Nationally, employment grew by 1.2 percent in the same 12 months, twice as fast as the optimistic St. Louis estimate.

“Don’t we have this conversation every year?” Wall said when I asked about the sluggish local job market.

Yes, we do. And how do St. Louis’ leaders try to break out of this rut? For one thing, they spent years pursuing the “big idea” of a hub for Chinese cargo planes, only to have the Missouri Legislature shoot down the incentives that the plan required. It’s not a good precedent.

Recently, other rifts have been exposed. Mayor Francis Slay called for the Regional Chamber and Growth Association, a private-sector group, to cede its economic development duties to a joint city-county agency.

Coleman hasn’t gone quite so far, but he does accuse the RCGA of “mission creep.” As he sees it, the RCGA should concentrate on marketing the region and recruiting companies that want to expand or relocate.

The jobs of retaining local employers, encouraging startups and improving the work force, Coleman believes, should fall to agencies in each city or county. He says he was surprised when those showed up as objectives in the RCGA’s latest strategic plan. Coleman says he’s encouraged by the appointment of Joe Reagan as the new RCGA president. The region’s economic development structure “can work, but it’s a matter of making sure you have a clear separation of responsibilities,” Coleman says.

Slay, Reagan, Coleman and others clearly have plenty to discuss. Let’s hope they quickly get beyond turf wars.

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Spain paid an interest rate of nearly 7 percent to raise euro3.56 billion ($4.8 billion) in an auction of 10-year bonds Thursday, the highest rate since 1997 and a level seen as unsustainable over the long term.

The finance minister insisted, however, that a bailout was out of the question and said Spain’s overall debt load _ about 70 percent of gross domestic product _ is manageable.

“The sustainability of our debt is beyond any doubt,” Elena Salgado told Cadena Ser radio.

She said the 2011 budget had allotted euro27 billion for debt interest payments and “even with all this tension we are going to spend 3 billion less.”

Salgado also said at least 12 of the 17 countries that use the euro are seeing their borrowing costs rise, so Spain is not a special case.

“We are seeing systematic attacks on our sovereign debt” the minister said. “Today it is Spain, yesterday it was Italy, the day before that it could have been Belgium, and tomorrow it could be any other country, even the ones considered central to the euro, such as Austria or France.”

Thursday’s rate of 6.97 percent compared with 5.43 percent in the last such auction Oct. 20.

Demand was relatively weak. The amount of debt sold came in under the euro4 billion maximum target set by the Treasury and the bid to cover ratio was 1 cheap payday advance.54, compared with 1.76 last time.

After the auction, yields on Spanish 10-year bonds shot up. In early afternoon they stood at 6.79 percent on the secondary market. That was 4.93 percentage points above the yield of the equivalent benchmark German bund.

Spain’s chapter of the European debt crisis has engulfed the campaign for Sunday’s general elections.

Opposition conservatives are expected to score a landslide win over the ruling Socialists, saddled with an economy that has 21.5 percent unemployment, posted zero growth in the third quarter and is not expected to improve much next year.

Spain is struggling to recover significant economic growth after enduring nearly two years of recession prompted in part by the collapse of a real estate bubble. It is the periodic focus of fears it will be the next eurozone country to require a bailout, after Greece, Ireland and Portugal.

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Russia’s influential finance minister resigned Monday following a televised confrontation with President Dmitry Medvedev, who had angrily demanded that Alexei Kudrin immediately explain his criticism of Medvedev’s policies or step down.

The open tension within Russia’s leadership follows the announcement over the weekend that Prime Minister Vladimir Putin plans to return to the presidency next year and Medvedev would then take his old job as prime minister. Russia will have a presidential vote despite the backroom maneuvering, but Putin is sure to win it.

The departure of Kudrin is likely to unsettle investors. He has been finance minister since 2000 and his tight hold over the budget has been seen as the key to Russia’s economic stability.

“It is difficult to see how Mr. Kudrin’s resignation can be anything but market-negative,” said Neil Shearing, chief Emerging Markets economist at Capital Economics Ltd in London. “With oil prices starting to slide and financial markets still jittery, now is not a good time for the government to lose its arch-fiscal hawk.”

Speaking over the weekend, Kudrin said he would refuse to serve if Medvedev was made prime minister because of disagreements over policy, including plans to substantially boost military spending.

Addressing Kudrin on Monday, Medvedev called the minister’s remarks “irresponsible chatter” and “improper,” especially since they were made in the United States while the minister was in Washington for meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

“If you disagree with the course set by the president and being implemented by the government, you have only one choice: Resign,” Medvedev said.

Kudrin said he would decide only after talking to Putin.

“You can seek the advice of whomever you want, but as long as I’m president, such decisions are made by me,” Medvedev retorted.

The Kremlin said Medvedev signed a decree on Kudrin’s resignation. Kudrin confirmed that he had quit in brief remarks reported by state news agencies.

Kudrin has been widely credited with helping Russia weather the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. During Putin’s presidency from 2000 to 2008, Kudrin stashed some of the revenue from Russia’s oil exports in a stabilization fund, despite strong opposition from other ministers who wanted to spend the money. But when the financial crisis hit and oil prices sank sharply those savings proved crucial in reducing the blow to Russia’s economy.

Some market analysts speculated that Kudrin’s departure could have a greater effect on Russia’s economy than the 2012 presidential election itself.

“It is unlikely that Mr. Kudrin’s replacement will share his predecessor’s credentials and clout,” Shearing wrote in a note to investors.

Before last weekend, Kudrin had been mentioned as a possible prime minister under Putin if Putin returns to the presidency.

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